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Table of Contents. Smell Sensitivity and Migraines. In This Article. Continue Reading Below. Watch: Short of Breath? You're Not Alone. Sore and Bleeding Gums During Pregnancy. Weirdest Pregnancy Symptoms. View Sources. Elsevier, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Linking olfaction with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, recurrent abortion, hyperemesis gravidarum, and migraine headache , May Your Health. Pregnancy Groups. Do certain smells make you feel uncomfortable, even nauseous?
Is your nose so good that you can detect even the subtlest aromas in your favourite wine? Perhaps certain smells evoke negative or positive feelings? Medically known as hyperosmia , super smellers are people who have a heightened sense of smell compared to the average person. Some super smellers may be more sensitive to pleasant smells, while others may be more affected by unpleasant odours.
However, here are some of the reasons a person may have hyperosmia. A number of studies have reported links between various medical conditions and hyperosmia, including Lyme Disease , migraines , body fluid disturbances , hormone deficiency and certain medications.
Some people can become super smellers suddenly and then just as suddenly the ability to detect faint odours disappears again Credit: Getty Images. Studies have also shown that certain genetic mutations and genetic conditions such as overexpression of the KAL1 gene — which produces a protein called anosmin-1 that appears to control the growth and movement of nerve cells involved in processing smell — are linked to heightened sense of smell.
One study even showed that the genetic coding for a certain protein that binds on to smells and helps them reach the smell receptors in the nose, does vary within populations, so some people may naturally have a better sense of smell than others. Many women who become pregnant often claim certain smells, which never used to bother them, suddenly become revolting. And one scientific review has confirmed that some pregnant women do temporarily become super smellers.
However, this sensitivity is typically temporary, rather than a permanent change. The super smellers in this study were asked to complete a structured questionnaire about their experiences of environmental smells.
They associated certain smells such as fragrances and human body products such as sweat with negative consequences and unpleasant memories, and found that environmental smells evoked feelings of annoyance and disgust. Other studies have similarly found that sensitivity to certain smells, including phenolic resins such as formaldehyde and the shellfish-like pyridine odour in organic chemicals , are linked with negative experiences, suggesting that sensitivity to these smells develops based on negative experiences in the workplace — for example being exposed to chemical odours at work.
So does being a super smeller convey a super power that lasts continuously, or can it be temporary? In , I conducted a study with volunteers to test their depth of smell for the smell of phenylethyl alcohol the smell of roses or eucalyptol a mint-like smell.
We used a custom-built device that delivered eight concentrations of the smells, from barely detectable to very strong. This phenomenon occurred when the volunteers were able to detect the smells at three or more levels below where they would normally detect it — and they were able to continue detecting the smells at least ten times during the test. The test was performed once a week over a period of ten weeks. In almost all cases where the superosmia occurred, this was followed by a sudden, rapid loss of smell detection at this lower level before the end of the test.
So without any explanation for why, we could see evidence of short-term super smellers when focused on certain smells.
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