Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung are considered the founding fathers of psychoanalytical psychology. They have fundamentally shaped our understanding of modern psychology and mental illness.
Nevertheless, they are renowned for having significantly different approaches to the discipline. Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist — he studied medicine at the University of Vienna in Freud used his knowledge about medicine to conduct extensive psychological research throughout his career. In he worked at a specialist clinic for treating nervous system disorders. During this time, he developed his initial ideas surrounding psychoanalysis; Freud would encourage patients to share their deepest thoughts and emotions.
While studying and diagnosing his patients he applied research methods such as association tests that were developed by his predecessors. Freud was concerned with the unconscious mind and its connection to our suppressed thoughts, disturbing memories and primal human drives such as sex and aggression.
According to his theories, the human psyche is divided into the id, the ego and the super ego. The id is connected to our unconscious drives and the ego is linked to our conscious experiences.
Lastly, the super ego mediates our behavior by balancing the impulses of the id and the ego. Moreover, he is specifically known for theorizing the Oedipus Complex. He departs from Freudian theory by conceptualizing the idea of a collective consciousness. Jung justified human behavior by exploring the sense of connectedness that we feel regarding our emotions and actions. Freud and Jung were both interested in the unconscious mind.
In they worked together as colleagues and started doing extensive research, particularly regarding dream studies. Freud believed that Jung had the potential to be his predecessor. Freud and Jung initially developed their theories together. However the two had some major disagreements that separated psychoanalysis into two schools of thought.
Freud paid close attention to human behavior and repressed emotions. Conversely, Jung believed that the human psyche was more multifaceted. Jung and Freud developed a large sum of their research by studying dreams, particularly their own. Both researchers believed that dreams were an essential tool in terms of exploring the unconscious mind.
Contrastingly, during an unconscious sleep, these desires are revealed through dreams and are often linked to some kind of sexual desire. Jung claimed that dreams can be used as great sources of creativity. Jung believed that dreams are the bridge between the conscious and unconscious mind.
He did not believe that dreams are a way of repressing desires or outcomes, but rather a tool to help the person come up with a solution to a problem they may face in their conscious state of mind.
On the other hand, Freud viewed dreams as a way to aid the person in staying asleep. Freud believed that dreams purposes are to convince the person that the dream is concealing something that needs to be revealed, so they dreamer will want the dream to go on, and therefor will stay asleep.
Freud and Jung definitely changed the world of psychology, more specifically the interpretation of dreams. It is common for people to have a mix of Freudian and Jungian views on dreams. I am definitely someone who takes bits and pieces from both.
I think that dreams will tell the dreamer what they want to hear, but I also believe dreams can aid a person in realizing the truth or solution to a problem. This is a really great post! Freud argued that when we are awake our deepest desires are not acted upon because a there are the considerations of reality the ego and also morality the superego.
But during sleep these restraining forces are weakened and we may experience our desires through our dreams. Freud also believed that our dreams are able to access repressed or anxiety provoking thoughts mainly sexually repressed desires that cannot be entertained directly for fear of anxiety and embarrassment.
It was the job of the analyst to interpret these dreams in light of their true meaning. Jung Position: Like Freud, Jung believed that dream analysis allowed for a window into the unconscious mind. But unlike Freud, Jung did not believe that that the content of all dreams was necessarily sexual in nature or that they disguised their true meaning. He claimed dreams speak in a distinctive language of symbols, images, and metaphors and that they portray both the external world i.
Jung agreed that dreams could be retrospective in nature and reflect events in childhood, but he also felt that they could anticipate future events and could be great sources of creativity.
Archetypes are universally inherited prototypes which help us to perceive and act in a certain way. This means that the contents of the collective unconscious are the same for each individuals within a culture. These Archetypes are symbolically expressed through dreams, fantasies and hallucinations. To Freud, repressed and expressed sexuality was everything. He felt it was the biggest motivating force behind behaviour and as such psychopathology.
This is clear from his dogmatic theories regarding psychosexual development, as well as the infamous theories of the Oedipus complex, and to a lesser extent, the Electra complex.
In the Greek Tragedy, Oedipus Rex, a young man unknowingly murders his father, marries his mother and has several children by her. In his Oedipus Complex, Freud suggests that male children have strong sexual desires towards their mothers and have savage resentment towards their fathers competition for the mother. In the Electra complex, this is reversed in that it is the female children who have sexual desires towards their fathers, and wish to remove their mothers.
From this, young male children fear that their fathers will remove or damage their penises in punishment for their feelings towards their mother Castration Anxiety. This then moves on to sexual desire for the father. Freud theorised that these anxieties will then be repressed and will play out through defence mechanisms and anxiety.
Jung decided that what motivates and influences behaviour is a psychic energy or life force, of which sexuality could be only one potential manifestation. Jung also disagreed also with Oedipal impulses. He thought that the relationship between mother and child was based upon the love and protection granted by the mother to the child. That said ,Freud grappled with the problem of mythology and religious institutions for most of his life. Some scholars have suggested that Freud saw religion as the disguised psychological truths he felt lie at the heart of human mental distress.
This was based upon the idea that the archetypes and symbols present in many of the different religions all translate into the same meanings. Although he did not practice a specific religion, Jung was curious and explored religions from the archetypal view point, particularly Eastern philosophies and religions. As they talked it soon became clear that Freud had little time for such ideas and continued to discourage Jung from pursuing them. As they continued to talk, Jung felt a weird sensation in his abdomen.
Just as Jung became aware of these sensations a loud noise erupted from a bookcase standing next to them. Jung claimed that it must have been of paranormal origin, but Freud angrily disagreed. As they continued to argue, Jung claimed that the noise would happened again — which it did.
Both men stared at each other in amazement but never spoke about the incident again. The next day, during the psychotherapy session, a real golden scarab hit the window — a very rare event! The proximity of these two events led Jung to believe that it was no coincidence but an important link between the external and internal worlds of the individual.
In looking at Freud vs Jung, it is important to put the differences between them in the context of their personalities and also in the cultural time period of which they lived and worked. And it is also valid to recognise that there are also significant similarities.
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